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| 1850 |
| | | The British government buys the Danish fortresses on the Gold Coast, including Christiansborg castle in Accra | |
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| 1854 |
| | | The Boers establish the Orange Free State as an independent republic, with its own custom-built constitution | |
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| 1857 |
| | | The Boers of the southern Transvaal declare independence as the South African Republic | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Lagos, on the coast of Nigeria, is annexed as a British colony when the royal family prove unable or unwilling to end the slave trade | |
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| 1868 |
| | | Britain annexes Basutoland (now Lesotho), the kingdom of the Sotho leader Moshoeshoe | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Britain, France and Italy take joint control of the finances of a bankrupt Tunisia | |
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| 1869 |
| | | British explorer Samuel Baker annexes the southern Sudan, or Equatoria, on behalf of the khedive of Egypt | |
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| 1871 |
| | | 18-year-old English entrepreneur Cecil Rhodes, on a temporary visit to South Africa, arrives in the new diamond town of Kimberley | |
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| 1874 |
| | | The southern region of present-day Ghana becomes a British colony, to be known as the Gold Coast | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Leopold II hosts a conference in Brussels on the subject of opening up the African continent | |
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